oop-design-patterns-in-python

Pass a request along a sequence of potential handlers. Ideal for middleware, event handling, and logging, this pattern cleanly decouples the sender from the receiver.

Define the skeleton of an algorithm while letting subclasses fill in the details. A perfect pattern for enforcing structure while maximizing code reuse.

Allow objects to change their behavior when their internal state shifts. Learn to replace messy if-elif chains with clean, maintainable state-transition logic.

Navigate collections without exposing internal structure. We will deep-dive into Python’s __iter__ and __next__, comparing traditional iterators with powerful Python Generators.

Turn requests into stand-alone objects. We’ll explore how to encapsulate actions, enabling powerful features like job queues, transactional systems, and Undo/Redo mechanisms.

Swap algorithms on the fly! Learn to encapsulate behaviors into interchangeable objects, and see how Python’s first-class functions can simplify this pattern to a single line.

Stay in the loop with event-driven architecture. Master the publisher-subscriber model to notify multiple dependent objects automatically whenever a state change occurs.

Separate abstractions from implementations, and optimize RAM. Learn techniques to prevent class explosion and efficiently share data across thousands of objects.

Control access to an object with a surrogate. Explore how to use proxies for lazy initialization, security checks, and network requests, saving resources until they are truly needed.

Hide complex subsystem logic behind a clean, simple interface. Learn how to design a "front door" for your heavy libraries, making them easier and safer for clients to use.